Posts

Large Colloid Cyst

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37 years old patient presenting with hydrocephalus caused by unusually large Colloid Cyst (CC) at the typical location in the region of foramina Monroe. CC have characteristic appearance as thin-walled cyst in this location filled with rather homogenous high density content (cholesterol and proteins) on non-contrast CT. This one is rather large. For "usual" size Colloid Cyst see this other case. CC can grow and obstruct foramina Monroe causing hydrocephalus - as in this case. Therefore neurosurgeons often recommend follow-up of CC that do not cause hydrocephalus or operate cases like this one. 


Patient has been operated (new images on the left) with successful removal of the CC and reduction of the hydrocephalus. Operation using endoscope and only small trepanation frontally (not shown). Note how nicely the sulci are seen now after operation compared with pre-operative images.
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Ventriculus Terminalis - Fifth Ventricle

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As additional finding at MRI of Lumbar spine an oval cystic lesion with thin well demarcated wall without contrast enhancement located in conus medullaris. This is a ventriculus terminalis also known as fifth ventricle. It represents developmental remnant and is believed to have no clinical significance. It has typical location and lack of enhancement differentiates it from other cystic lesions in the spine as for example hemangioblastoma. 
See also this interesting article: G. Liccardo - Fifth ventricle: an unusual cystic lesion of the conus medullaris
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CT Pelvimetry - Bäckenmätning

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Below is a short summary of the protocol for Pelvimetry (Bäckenmätning in Swedish).


First a thick MIP is reconstructed on the scanner that covers whole pelvis. A line is drawn on the scanner that is later used for calibration on PACS workstation.


Calibration of the previously measured line.


On the above MIP the Transversal Inlet Diameter (Transverstingångsmått) is measured as the largest transversal distance in the pelvic inlet. As well as Intertubar Diameter (Intertubaravstånd) as distance between ischial tubers.


On sagittal reconstruction measure Sagittal Inlet Diameter (Sagittellt ingångsmått) as shortest distance between posterior part of symphysis pubis and promontorium (S1). As well as Sagittal Outlet Diameter (Sagittellt utgångsmått) as shortest distance between posterior part of symphysis pubis and fist mobile joint between sacrum and coccyx.



On axial reconstruction (see topogram for level) measure Interspinal Diameter (Interspinal avstånd) as shortest distance between ischial…
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Brain infarctions in Covid-19

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Case 1.
Healthy 57 years old male, military (fighter-jet) pilot, presented with speech problems after Covid-19 infection:


MRI shows acute infarctions in the temporo-occipital regions on the left most likely of small embolic nature. Rather unexpected finding in this age and at this location in otherwise healthy person.


Case 2.
67 years old male presented with expressive aphasia. Unknown Covis-19 status:


MRI shows extensive cortical and subcortical as well as periventricular infarctions in temporo-occipital regions on the left.

Some doctors observe increased number of brain infarctions in especially younger age group of patients with Covid-19. There are hypothesis that virus is causing increase risk for both cerebral and cardiac infarctions.
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Covid-19 Pneumonia Cases

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Below some cases with Covid-19 pneumonia.

88 years old male:






Not much was seen on the scout image.


Severe Covid-19 pneumonia:




28 years old male with Down syndrome, died 2 days later:




79 years old male Covid-19 basal pneumonia, died 10 days later:



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Viral Pneumonia

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This is just a refresher of how lungs look like in cases of a severe viral pneumonia. Findings on both X-ray and CT are nonspecific for COVID-19 but those are the findings we can see. The important factor is progression of the lung changes and diffuse distribution in both lungs. There is some predilection for the peripheral and lower parts of the lungs. Opacities are more diffused of type "ground glass" compared to more dense in bacterial pneumonia. Increased interstitial pattern can be seen. The end result in severe cases is diffuse lung edema or ARDS that leads to death.


85 years old patient with heart failure. Note diffuse, mostly interstitial opacities in both lungs especially in the right upper lobe and apical segment of the left lower lobe.


57 years old patient, shortly on respirator that died with cause of death officially announced as heart failure. Note diffuse predominantly interstitial "ground-glass" opacities most prominent in the left upper lobe.



Same …
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