Posts

X-mas presents from AI

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I asked ChatGPT-4: "Can you make me an image of a simulated Lego set of an MRI Scanner. Show it in foreground with its box behind."  This is what I got:  This image was generated by AI called Dall-E that is subdivision of ChatGPT. It looks pretty impressive! It would certainly be a great present for X-mas! I was inspired to make this prompt after seeing the image below that i found on X, that also looks like generated by AI.  I think capabilities of AI in the field of Radiology are pretty impressive!  But honestly I was even more impressed when I asked ChatGPT to spot the difference between two images I took in my garden. It did the great job and this is quite promising example of how can AI be used in Radiology. See the images for yourself first and spot the difference:  And now look at result of AI analysis: As a fun task I asked AI to make me an image of a cat sitting on top of aquarium - something I'm used to see in my office. Here is what I got: I think it's very

Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemic Hemichorea - Diabetic Striatopathy

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Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemic Hemichorea (NKHH), also known as Diabetic Striatopathy, is a rare neurological disorder predominantly observed in patients (mostly Asian elderly women) with uncontrolled diabetes, usually type 2. It is characterized by involuntary, irregular, and unpredictable movements, primarily affecting one side of the body (hemichorea). The condition is linked to hyperglycemia without ketosis and often involves alterations in the basal ganglia's striatum (comprising the caudate nucleus and putamen). A 49-year-old Caucasian male with a history of type 1 diabetes presented with characteristic symptoms of hemichorea. This case is particularly noteworthy given the patient's background, as NKHH predominantly affects older individuals with type 2 diabetes. Radiological Findings: CT and MRI Analysis Image 1: Initial CT and MRI The first CT scan, performed without contrast, revealed diffusely increased signal intensity in the putamen , more pronounced on the right. The su

Anomalous ossicle between laminae C2 and C3

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  There are many congenital anomalies of the spine. One rare is this one spotted as incidental finding on MRI of the Cervical Spine of a 64 years old patient. Reporting radiologist pointed skeletal anomaly in form of an ossicle between laminae of C2 and C3 on the right side causing slight impression on the posterior part of the dural sack, recommending further analysis with CT of the Cervical Spine. The CT has confirmed what looks like an anomalous ossicle between laminae C2 and C3. The ossicle has its own cortex and there are some depressions in the laminae due to its presence.  Similar anomalous ossicle is described in T. Keats - Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants 7th edition, Figure 3-69, page 215. 

AI vs Human

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  As a funny post here example of counting spinal levels by AI (Artificial Intelligence - purple) vs Human (me - orange). :)

Small Vestibular Schwannoma

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Remember my old post about anatomy of the Internal Acoustic Canal (ICA). I mentioned that to me it looks like " Monkey Looking at Cerebellum " in cross section. Mouth of the monkey being Vestibular Nerve and upper eye being 7th nerve (Facial Nerve) (7-UP!) and lower eye being Cochlear Nerve.  Today I came across this exam showing a Small Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) deep in the Internal Acoustic Canal.  Note that the VS is located in the "mouth" of the monkey.  This is a section just next to the VS showing a bit "sad face of the monkey". :(

Multiple Cavernomas in KRIT-1 Gene Mutation

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  A person with known in family KRIT-1 gene mutation shows multiple (uncountable number) cavernous malformations (cavernomas) on the SWI sequence (most to the left on both images). The largest one located temporo-occipital in the right hemisphere (to the left on the images) is visible on T2 sequence and hardly noticeable on T1 without and with Gd contrast. Other multiple cavernomas are hard to spot on other sequences. Same situation in the posterior fossa.  According to the literature:  "The KRIT1 gene (also known as CCM1) provides instructions for making a protein that strengthens the interactions between cells that form blood vessels and limits leakage from the vessels."    https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/krit1/ "Mutations in Krev1 interaction trapped gene 1 (KRIT1) cause cerebral cavernous malformation, an autosomal dominant disease featuring malformation of cerebral capillaries resulting in cerebral hemorrhage, strokes, and seizures."    https://pubmed.ncb

Brain Degenerative Diseases and Gut Flora

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  Coronal CT of 86 years old showing moderate atrophy i hippocampi - MTA 2. Interesting articles indicate complex relation between our gut flora and neurodegenerative diseases. Especially in Alzheimer Dementia (AD). Gut Microbiota Regulation and Their Implication in the Development of Neurodegenerative Disease - Peilin Sun, Et al. Downregulation of Neurofilament Light Chain Expression in Human Neuronal-Glial Cell Co-Cultures by a Microbiome-Derived Lipopolysaccharide-Induced miRNA-30b-5p - Aileen I. Pogue, Et al. *(citations from above articles in cursive font) Studies indicate that anaerobic bacteria producing toxins cause brain inflammation that disrupts fragile neural connections in the elderly. My private theory is that hygiene of the mouth plays important role. Environmental factors of the modern civilisation, food preservatives and destruction of natural gut flora plays important role. Also fact that people live longer allows more time for neurodegenerative diseases to develop. O